Efficient digitizing through the combination of appropriate hardware and software for error detection and editing     

NICHOLAS R. CHRISMAN 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):265-277

Abstract

Digitizing still remains a major bottle-neck in the creation of geographical data bases. This paper examines procedures and equipment used in the Dane County Land Records Project as a tutorial for others interested in digitizing maps. Topological structure, determined from ‘spaghetti and meatballs’, detects the important errors and provides a basis for efficiency (in time and cost). For manual digitizing, a simple system of capture running on cheap hardware may be as effective as an expensive workstation. Scanning technology, which used to be expensive, has now become practical, as is shown by an experimental scanner used in this project.  相似文献   

Evolution of an Ancient Large Lake in the Southeast of the Northern Tibetan Plateau   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

ZHU Dagang  MENG Xiangang  ZHAO Xitao  SHAO Zhaogang  XU Zufeng  YANG Chaobin  MA Zhibang  WU Zhonghai  WU Zhenhan  WANG Jianping Institute of Geomechanics  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing  Institute of Geology  Geophysics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing Jiangxi Institute of Geological Survey  Nanchang  Jiangxi Tibet Bureau of Land  Resources  Lhas  Tibet 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(4):982-992

Nam Co is the largest (1920 km2 in area) and highest (4718 m above sea level) lake in Tibet. According to the discovery of lake terraces and highstand lacustrine deposits at several places in Nam Co and its adjacent areas, the authors confirm the existence of an ancient large lake in the southeastern part of the northern Tibetan Plateau. On the basis of the U-series, 14C and ESR dating, coupled with the levelling survey of lake deposits and geomorphology, the evolutionary process of the ancient large lake in the southeastern part of the northern Tibetan Plateau may fall into three stages: (1) the ancient large lake stage at 115-40 ka BP, when the ancient lake level was 140-26 m above the level of present Nam Co; (2) the outflow lake stage at 40-30 ka BP, when the ancient level was 26-19 m above the present lake level; and (3) the Nam Co stage since 30 ka BP, when the ancient lake level was < 19 m above the present lake level. During the ancient large lake stage, a large number of modern large, medium-siz  相似文献   

ICP-AES法同时测定红土型镍矿中镍、钴、铁、镁研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张丽微  徐玉蓉  张微  李伟平 《云南地质》2010,29(3):346-350

通过选择分析谱线、处理样品方法和消除干扰因素等实验,建立ICP-AES法同时测定红土型镍矿中镍、钴、铁、镁4种元素的方法,解决利用常规化学法测定步骤繁琐,分析周期长,工作量大等问题,方法回收率为99.2%-105%,精密度（RSDn=10）为0.42%-3.89%。  相似文献   

西藏色林错12ka以来的湖泊退缩过程——基于古湖岸线的OSL测年     

薛蕾  张振卿  刘维明  吕同艳  孙继敏 《地质科学》2010,45(2):428-439

青藏高原内陆封闭湖泊的水体演化是古气候变化的良好地质载体,其中湖泊古湖岸线变迁蕴含了丰富的地质信息,对其识别和研究是认识导致湖泊退缩的气候或构造变化的关键。色林错是青藏高原第二大内陆湖泊,保存了一系列古湖岸线。我们对色林错东北岸保存完好的古湖岸线进行了研究。对这些古湖岸线样品中的石英颗粒使用单片再生法(Singlealiquot regeneration)进行OSL测年,测定年龄分别为12.2±0.8 ka、6.3±0.4 ka和2.3±0.2 ka。表明色林错在约12.2 ka、6.3 ka和2.3 ka±至少出现了3次阶段性湖泊收缩过程。  相似文献   

西藏佩枯错盆地帮荣组沉积环境演化特征          下载免费PDF全文

韩建恩  吕荣平余 佳朱大岗  邵兆刚孟宪刚  杨朝斌王 津 钱 程 《中国地质》2009,36(4):800-808

笔者通过西藏佩枯错盆地帮荣组剖面的野外地质调查以及沉积物粒度、磁化率、碳酸盐等环境指标的分析,结合ESR法和U系测年资料,分析了晚更新世帮荣组沉积环境演化特征。分析结果表明,127～15kaB.P.的晚更新世时,佩枯错盆地进入强烈断陷阶段,佩枯错古湖经历了初始浅湖期,发展深湖期和萎缩浅湖期一个完整的湖泊演化过程。127～56kaB.P.,气候温暖湿润,湖水增加,古湖发育进入浅湖期;56～31kaB.P.,湖水波动上升,古湖进入发展深湖期;31～15kaB.P.,湖泊步入萎缩浅湖期,15kaB.P.左右出现的冻融褶皱,可能指示该区进入冰缘期。  相似文献   

西藏蓬湖西蛇绿岩地球化学及构造背景研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韦振权  夏斌  徐力峰  王冉  周国庆 《地质论评》2009,55(6):785-794

西藏蓬湖西蛇绿岩隶属于班公湖—怒江缝合带的中段,是藏北湖区较好的堆晶岩剖面之一。形成该堆晶岩时矿物分离结晶顺序为铬铁矿→橄榄石→单斜辉石→斜长石,分离结晶作用具有由富镁质、铁质向富铝质、钙质演化趋势。堆晶岩主量元素组成与世界典型蛇绿堆晶岩成分相似;各种堆晶岩石的微量元素和稀土元素配分曲线总体上基本一致,反映其同源性;岩石Nb和Ta亏损,稀土元素含量很低,分配模式呈LREE微弱亏损的平坦型。该蛇绿岩形成于弧后盆地扩张中心,属SSZ型蛇绿岩。  相似文献   

青藏高原纳木错湖阶沉积的发生特征及环境指示意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王利强  易朝路  Brigitta Schütt  董国成 《沉积学报》2009,27(3):503-510

选取的21个湖相沉积物样品分别采自纳木错湖西岸塔吉古日（剖面Nam Co 1）和纳木错湖东北岸的干玛弄附近（剖面Nam Co 2）。按照其发生特征分别将剖面从顶部到底部划分为12个和9个层次,通过分析各个层次沉积物的粒径分布特征、质地组成特点、总有机碳（TOC）、总无机碳（TIC）、总碳（TC）的百分含量、酸度值（pH）、电导率（EC）、含水量等若干环境指示因子。结果显示:无论在比较两个剖面的发生特征,还是环境指示因子特征,剖面Nam Co 1发育程度较剖面Nam Co 2更加发育;通过对测年数据结果分析,两个剖面均形成于晚更新世,并且通过比较各自剖面在垂直方向上的各项环境指示因子的变化趋势,可知纳木错湖流域在晚更新世（约40 ka BP）阶段发生过3次相对明显的冷暖交替过程.  相似文献   

西藏台错沉积记录与更新世晚期—全新世气候变化     

郑绵平  刘俊英  庞其清  马志邦  王海雷  马妮娜 《地质学报》2012,86(1):104-131

西藏西部台错湖T1阶地的两个剖面沉积中,除下部10余厘米含碳化植物和50-70 cm处为暗色碳酸盐粘土及粘土外,中、上部全系粘土碳酸盐层,含丰富的介形类和轮藻类。据碳酸盐、介形类、轮藻类的碳、氧稳定同位素值与微体古生物群落生态特征等提供的环境气候变化指标,指示该区距今41.4~4.5 ka BP间气候变化为：在41.4~26.2 ka BP气候较湿润;26.2~25.5 ka BP偏暖稍干;25.5~22.5 ka BP气候暖湿;22.5~21.0 ka BP气候偏冷湿;20.5~17.5 ka BP气候骤冷、偏湿,反映本区处于末次冰期盛冰期;17.5~16.0 ka BP偏冷偏干;16.0~11.8 ka BP气候偏暖湿,为全球间歇性暖事件的响应;11.8~10.4 ka BP气候较冷干,大致相当于新仙女木期,10.4 ka BP气温开始回升;10.4~9.4 ka BP气候偏暖湿;9.4~8.5 ka BP气候呈现短暂暖湿颤动;8.5~7.9 ka BP气候偏干冷,为冰后期强烈降温偏干事件;7.8~6.3 ka BP气候偏暖湿;6.3~4.5 ka BP气候趋向冷干,4.5 ka BP记录到晚更新世晚期以来最大的干燥期。  相似文献   

Heavy metals and rare earth elements (REEs) in soil from the Nam Co Basin,Tibetan Plateau   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chaoliu Li  Shichang Kang  Xiaoping Wang  F. Ajmone-Marsan  Qianggong Zhang 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1433-1440

Twenty-eight soil samples collected from the Nam Co Basin, Tibetan Plateau, have been analyzed for heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn), arsenic (As) and rare earth elements (REEs). In addition, for establishing the basic physio-chemical characteristics of the soil, pH, total organic concentration, electrical conductivity, and effective cation exchange capacity were measured. The results indicate that soil in the Nam Co Basin is still at an early alkaline weathering stage (pH = 7.94). Mean concentrations of heavy metals and As decreased as follows: Mn > Cr > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > As > Cd. The values of Cd, Cr, As, Pb and REEs in soil from the Nam Co Basin are higher relative to averaged background values over China. The chondrite-normalized diagrams of REEs suggest high REE(ΣLa → Eu)—enrichment, HREE(ΣGd → Lu)—depletion and Eu—depletion. Vertical profiles indicate that both heavy metals (except As) and REEs primarily exist in the surface soil. However, heavy metals and REEs vary in the surface soil between the southern and the northern bank of Nam Co. These differences are controlled mainly by parent materials.  相似文献   

The Effects of Zn, Mn, and Co Accumulation on Growth and Chemical Composition of Fucus vesiculosus L under Different Temperature and Salinity Conditions     

IVKA M. MUNDA  V. HUDNIK 《Marine Ecology》1988,9(3):213-225

Abstract. Combined effects of temperature, salinity, and metal enrichment (Zn, Mn, Co) on the growth rate and chemical composition of Fucus vesiculosus L. were studied in culture. Factorial combinations of two temperatures and three salinities were used. The results indicated that the accumulation of Zn and Mn into algal tissue was enhanced by dilution of the media, whereas Co accumulation exhibited maxima at the medium salinity. Zn accumulation was enhanced by temperature, while the opposite was true for Mn and Co.
In the presence of metals the usual dilution-induced changes in growth activity and chemical composition of Fucus plants were altered, while responses to the temperature factor remained unchanged. In diluted media, growth activity and mannitol content decreased along with a simultaneous increase of protein content. In the presence of Zn and Mn the mannitol content exhibited peaks at the medium salinity; in the presence of Co the dilution-induced pattern remained unchanged. Salinity-induced changes in growth and protein content were altered in the presence of metals. Maxima in growth rates were found at the medium salinity. Growth was higher in extremely diluted media than in scawater, indicating an inversion of responses to the salinity factor. Both the growth rate and mannitol content were lowest under the influence of Zn.  相似文献